Carbohydrazide is used as an oxygen scavenger for high pressure boilers in power plants and other industries to reduce corrosion of metal pipes and fittings.

What is CarboHydrazide ?
Carbohydrazide the hydrazide of carbonic acid.

Why Hydrazine is replace by Carbohydrazide ?
Carbohydrazide (CH6N4O) - RXSOL-42-2541-025 is an oxygen scavenger often added to boiler systems to control corrosion. It reacts with oxygen at low temperatures and pressures. It also passivates metal surfaces preventing further corrosion. The reaction products are volatile, so they do not contribute to dissolved solids in the system. Carbohydrazide is widely used to replace hydrazine as an oxygen scavenger because it is less toxic.


Carbohydrazide is a volatile oxygen scavenger which reacts relatively slow with oxygen in comparison to other products.

-   Prevent run off water from entering drains if possible

Formation of Calcium Sulfate is main cause for SCALE formation :::

The principal problem potential posed by sulfate ions in water is the possibility of calcium sulfate scale formation.  Precipitation of calcium sulfate can occur when high concentrations of both calcium and sulfate exist simultaneously.  There are three primary areas of water treatment in which calcium sulfate precipitation may occur boilers, cooling systems, and ion exchangers operating in the hydrogen or acid mode.

In boilers, calcium sulfate scale formation has been reduced to a minimum by modern treatment practices.  The low hardness levels largely preclude calcium sulfate boiler scale.    By contrast, cooling systems are subject to calcium sulfate scale deposition because the makeup is usually not treated for hardness removal.  Cooling water is usually treated with sulfuric acid for pH control, and the makeup is cycled, i.e. concentrated.  Calcium sulfate scale deposition can  result unless the cycles of concentration are properly controlled in conjunction with the proper use of scale control chemicals.  Cation ion exchangers regenerated with sulfuric acid also can pose a major calcium sulfate problem. Calcium sulfate precipitation can be avoided by controlling the acid concentration and the flow rate through the exchanger.  

Sulfate content can be calculated in Laboratory by using this method ::: http://rxmarine.com/SULFATE-TEST-KIT

Efficiency :Rapid Softening, disintegration and dissolving of scales.

Economy

By reducing down-time, productivity is increased. by protecting metal and by uniform leaning of the surface equipment life is prolonged and performance made superior. The above information is adequate for commonly encountered problems of descaling.

Handling & Storage

Safety

•    No Fumes Avoid contact with skin or eyes. Wear Cup-type, rubber or soft plastic-framed goggles, protective clothing, and rubber gloves must be worn when handling.

•    Keep in a tightly closed container. Protect from physical damage.

•    Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area away from sources of heat, moisture and incompatibilities.

•    Containers containing this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (dust, solids); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.

•    Ensure as low exposure as possible. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred as it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area.

EU Index 016-063-00-2 EU classification Harmful (Xn) Irritant (Xi) R-phrases R22 R31 R41 S-phrases (S2) S26 S39 S46

Dechlorination in municipal wastewater, pulp & paper, power, and textile water treatment plants

Oxygen scavenger

Boiler water treatment

Preservative in photo developer process

Food additive

Flue gas desulfurization

Mild reducing agent in organic synthesis

Efficiently remove traces or excess amounts of bromine, iodine, osmate esters, chromium trioxide, and potassium permanganate

Magnesium sulphate  is an inorganic chemical which contains magnesium, sulfur and oxygen,  It is used as a nutrient additives, firming agent and flavour enhancer. It serves to be a fermentation aid in the processing of beer and malt beverages. Additionally it exhibit as a nutrient used primarily in salt-replacer products, dietary supplements, carbonated diet soft drink beverages, sports drinks and fortified water beverages. 

The establishment of protective metal oxide lay-ers through the use of reducing agents (such as hydrazine, hydroquinone, and other oxygen scavengers) is known as metal passivation or metal conditioning. Although "metal passivation" refers to the direct reaction of the compound with the metal oxide and "metal conditioning" more broadly refers to the promotion of a protective surface, the two terms are frequently used interchangeably.

The reaction of hydrazine and hydroquinone, which leads to the passivation of iron-based metals, proceeds according to the following reactions:

 

 

Similar reactions occur with copper-based metals:

 

 

Magnetite and cuprous oxide form protective films on the metal surface. Because these oxides are formed under reducing conditions, removal of the dissolved oxygen from boiler feedwater and condensate promotes their formation. The effective application of oxygen scavengers indirectly leads to passivated metal surfaces and less metal oxide transport to the boiler whether or not the scavenger reacts directly with the metal surface.

A significant reduction in feedwater oxygen and metal oxides can occur with proper application of oxygen scavengers.